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            <p>react是基于状态实现对DOM控制和渲染。组件状态可分为两种：一种是组件间的状态传递，另一种是组件的内部状态。这两种状态使用<code>props</code>和<code>state</code>表示。<code>props</code>用于父组件向子组件的数据传递，组件内部也有自己的状态：<code>state</code>，这些状态只能在组件内部修改。</p>
<h1 id="数据流与props"><a href="#数据流与props" class="headerlink" title="数据流与props"></a>数据流与props</h1><p>react的数据流是单向的，只会从父组件传递到子组件。属性props（properties）是父子组件进行传递状态的接口。React会向下遍历整个组件树，并重新渲染使用这个属性的组件。</p>
<h2 id="设置props"><a href="#设置props" class="headerlink" title="设置props"></a>设置props</h2><p>可以在组件挂载时设置<code>props</code></p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> sites = [&#123;<span class="attr">title</span>:<span class="string">'baidu.com'</span>&#125;];</span><br><span class="line">&lt;ListSites sites = &#123;sites&#125;/&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以通过调用组件实例的<code>SetProps()</code>方法设置props</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> sites = [&#123;<span class="attr">title</span>:<span class="string">'baidu.com'</span>&#125;];</span><br><span class="line">ReactDOM.render(</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;ListSites/&gt;,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'example'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>SetProps()方法只能用于组件外部调用，不能在组件内使用<code>this.SetProps()</code>修改组件属性。组件内部的this.props是只读的，只能用于访问props属性，不能修改组件自身的属性。</p>
<h3 id="JSX语法中的属性设置"><a href="#JSX语法中的属性设置" class="headerlink" title="JSX语法中的属性设置"></a>JSX语法中的属性设置</h3><p>JSX语法中，props可以设置为字符串：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;a href=<span class="string">"http://itbilu.com"</span>&gt;IT笔录&lt;<span class="regexp">/a&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或是通过{}语法设置：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;<span class="attr">url</span>:<span class="string">'itbilu.com'</span>, <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">'IT笔录'</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;a href=<span class="string">"http://&#123;obj.url&#125;"</span>&gt;&#123;obj.name&#125;&lt;<span class="regexp">/a&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>JSX还支持将props直接设置为一个对象：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Site</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">React</span>.<span class="title">Component</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    render()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">var</span> obj = (&#123;<span class="attr">url</span>:<span class="string">'baidu.com'</span>,<span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">'IT笔录'</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>(</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;Site &#123;...obj&#125;/&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        )</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>props还可以用来添加事件处理：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> saveBtn = React.createClass(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    render:<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;a onClick=&#123;<span class="keyword">this</span>.handleClick&#125;&gt;保存&lt;<span class="regexp">/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    handleClick:function()&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        /</span><span class="regexp">/...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">&#125;)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="props的传递"><a href="#props的传递" class="headerlink" title="props的传递"></a>props的传递</h3><p>组件接收上级组件的props，并传递到下级组件，如：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> myCheackBox = React.createClass (&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    render:myCheackBox()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">var</span> myClass = <span class="keyword">this</span>.props.cheacked ? <span class="string">'MyCheacked'</span>:<span class="string">'MyCheackBox'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>(</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;div className = &#123;myClass&#125; onClick = &#123;<span class="keyword">this</span>.props.onClick&#125;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                &#123;<span class="keyword">this</span>.props.children&#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;<span class="regexp">/div&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">&#125;)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">React.render(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &lt;MyCheackBox cheacked = &#123;true&#125; onClick = &#123;console.log.bind(console)&#125;&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        hello world</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &lt;MyCheackBox/</span>&gt;,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'example'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="组件内部状态与State"><a href="#组件内部状态与State" class="headerlink" title="组件内部状态与State"></a>组件内部状态与State</h2><p>props可以理解为父子组件的状态传递，而React有自己内部的状态，这个内部状态则用State表示。</p>
<p>如，用state定义一个<DropDown />组件的状态：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> SiteDropdown = React.createClass(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     getInitalState: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        showOptions: <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">     render:<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">var</span> opts;</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="keyword">this</span>.state.showOptions)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">             &lt;ul&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                &lt;li&gt;itbilu.com&lt;<span class="regexp">/li&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">                &lt;li&gt;yijiebuyi.com&lt;/</span>li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                &lt;li&gt;niefengjun.cn&lt;<span class="regexp">/li&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">             &lt;/u</span>l&gt;</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span>( <span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">onClick</span>=<span class="string">&#123;this.handleClick&#125;</span> &gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">                <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">        )</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">     handleClick:<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">this</span>.SetState (&#123;</span><br><span class="line">             showOptions: <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">         &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>随着state的变化，render也会调用，react会对比render返回的值，如果有变化就会DOM；<br>state与props类似，只能通过setState()方法修改。不同的是，state只能在组件内部使用，其实是对组件本身状态的一个引用</p>
<h2 id="props与state的比较"><a href="#props与state的比较" class="headerlink" title="props与state的比较"></a>props与state的比较</h2><p><code>React</code>会根据<code>props</code>和<code>state</code>更新视图状态，虽然二者有相似之处，但是两者的应用范围不同。具体表现如下：</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>props会在整个组件数中传递数据和配置，props可以设置任命类型的数据，应该把当作组件的数据源。其不但可以用于上级组件与下级组件的通信，也可以用作事件处理器</p>
</li>
<li><p>state只能组件内部使用，state只应该用于存储简单的视图状（如：上面示例用于控制下拉框的可见状态）</p>
</li>
<li><p>props与state都不能直接修改，而应该分别使用SetProps()和SetProps()修改</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://itbilu.com/javascript/react/4k5RfzDKx.html#props" target="_blank" rel="noopener">原文地址</a></p>

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                    <h4>Contents</h4>
                    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#数据流与props"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据流与props</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#设置props"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置props</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#JSX语法中的属性设置"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">JSX语法中的属性设置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#props的传递"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">props的传递</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件内部状态与State"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件内部状态与State</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#props与state的比较"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">props与state的比较</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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